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This lowers the size of the average transaction in such nodes' view, thus increasing the block size without incurring the tricky fork implied by additional suggestions for block size increases. Thus, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the actual block capability depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the ratio of signature information.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are used, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto said in his white paper that:"The root issue with conventional currencies is all the trust thats needed to make it operate. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the background of fiat currencies is filled with breaches of the trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money offered by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, particularly with Friedrich von Hayek in his book Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he recommends a full free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the thought. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"At first, almost everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a great concept, as a means to separate money from the country. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist project to create an online version of money, a way for individuals to transact without the prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd asserts in The Social Life of Bitcoin that the essence of the bitcoin ideology is to remove money from social, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd estimates a YouTube video, with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia states the ideas influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements such as the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, who owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"tumultuous populism.

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It's revolutionary. "130.

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However, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data this has been linked to libertarianism.131

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Bitcoin is a digital asset designed to operate in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they're"difficult to earn, limited in distribution and easy to verify".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 However, this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment from The Economist found that cryptocurrencies met none of those 3 standards.126.

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According to study from Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users utilized a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, the majority of them for bitcoin. The number of users has grown significantly since 2013, when there web were 300,000 about 1.3 million consumers.12

The overwhelming bulk of bitcoin transactions occur on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes create bitcoin use very difficult in a retail setting. Prices are not usually quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments may employ payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among major online retailers included only three of the best 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the biggest 17 crypto merchant-processing services handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not actually usable" for retail transactions due to high costs and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher supplied by Bloomberg. High cost volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.